Papillomas

A papilloma is an injury to the skin and mucous membranes caused by the human papillomavirus.

Pathogen - virus of the genus Papilloma virus. Currently, more than 60 variants are known of them, 32 of which are recognized as pathogenic.

Transmission routes - contact (through minor skin wounds), sexuality, perinatal (during childbirth).

Manifestations of papillomas

Papillomas
  • Skin papillae (warts).
    Usually observed on hands, less often on other parts of the body. Localized injuries are common in children and adolescents. In immunocompromised patients, wart lesions can be extensive. The incubation period is 1-6 months. Maximum viral load in affected tissues was observed 6 months after infection.
  • Raw (simple) papillomas.
    Their causative agent is the human papilloma virus (HPV). This shape is manifested by hard bumps with a rugged surface 1 mm in diameter or more, which tend to coalesce. Vinegar papillomas often cover a large area. They can appear anywhere, but they are usually located on the back of the palms and fingers, in children - on the knees. A single papilloma can persist for months or even years, practically unchanged, but rapid spread is possible. There are special cases of papilloma degeneration to tumors. Immunodeficiency states contribute to contagiousness.
  • Plant papillomas.
    Pathogens are HPV-1 (worm form), HPV-2 (mosaic warts) and HPV-4 (small lesions). The process begins with the appearance of a small, shiny bump, has the features of a typical papilloma, surrounded by a convex rim. Sometimes, around a papilloma, a lot of daughter shapes appear, like bubbles - mosaic warts.
    Plantar papillomas can be painful and make walking difficult. Their lifespans are different. In some cases, especially in children, spontaneous disappearance of any number of papillomas can occur. This form of the disease is often confused with calluses that appear in areas of pressure on the finger or between the fingers. Corn, unlike papillae, has a smooth surface with a skin texture.
  • Flat papillomas.
    Their pathogens are HPV-3 and HPV-10. They are manifested by smooth bumps of normal skin color (pale yellow or slightly discolored). They can be circular or polygonal in shape. The appearance of a flat papilloma, mainly in children, is often accompanied by itching, inflammation of the affected area, redness, and soreness.
  • Fibrous papillomas.
    They are found in 50% of the population over the age of 50 more often in the armpits, groin, on the neck, around the eyes. This process begins with the appearance of small light yellow or slightly discolored cone cells, which then gradually enlarge and transform into dense elastically elongated shapes up to 5-6 mm in size. In places where trauma is possible, the papilloma can become inflamed. Their spontaneous disappearance did not happen.
  • Local epithelial hyperplasia (Beck disease).
    The causative agent is papillomavirus 13 and 32. The disease was first described in American Indians. Observed on the mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue, lips in the form of small fused papillomas.
  • Genital warts.
    Genital warts are human papillomaviruses with a low (6, 11), moderate (31, 33, 35) cancer riskand tall (16, 18). The virus is transmitted sexually. The incubation period lasts from a few weeks to several months. In some cases the lesions are very small, often unnoticed. Infected cells are susceptible to malignant degeneration. In most cases, a prolonged and extensive process is accompanied by immunodeficient states.
    Cervical cancer is often diagnosed in women with genital warts. In most cases, despite the patient's age, the viral genome is still detected by DNA hybridization. The causative agent is HPV-18.
  • Juvenile papillomas of the larynx.
    The pathogens are HPV-6 and HPV-11. They are rarely registered. In most cases, papillomas are detected in children under 5 years of age with infection in the birth canal of the mother. Characteristic growth masses are observed on the vocal cords, leading to difficulty speaking and disturbed air circulation in the upper respiratory tract.

Treatment of papillomas

The same symptoms may indicate different illnesses and the disease may not progress according to the textbook. Don't try to heal yourself - consult your doctor.

There are currently no unified international standards for the treatment of papillomas. The official treatment guidelines to date include

  • cytostatics (anticancer drugs),
  • cryo laser,
  • power destruction.

But they don't always work and are accompanied by relapses.

Other treatments for papilloma:

  • For papillomas of the skin and vulva (simple) - surgical resection (cryotherapy, laser removal with immunoregulation).
  • For plantar - cryodestruction, laser and / or diathermocoagulation.
  • Inlaid papillomas are the most difficult to treat. When they disappear, especially in children, inflammatory signs are observed.
  • For planar form - cryotherapy with immunomodulation.
  • For yarn - diathermocoagulation.
  • For local epithelial hyperplasia, cryotherapy with immunomodulated.
  • In the case of milia dysplasia, cryotherapy or coagulation with subsequent immunoregulation.
  • For genital warts - removal of the warts with cryotherapy, laser resection or diathermocoagulation and mandatory adjustment of the immune system.

Treating genital papillomas can be difficult with other genital infections (chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, herpes, CMV infection, etc. ). In these cases, treatment is carried out in parallel.